Retaining walls are fundamental in geotechnical and structural engineering, yet their design often involves conservative assumptions that...

Most swarm intelligence algorithms allow parallelization when computing the objective function. Each particle can be assigned to each worker to call the solver and return the individual objective value. The algorithm can be explained: MATLAB parfor function [x,f] = jaya_parallel(x,f,lb,ub,nPop,nVar,maxIt) for it = 1:maxIt % --- Step 1: find best/worst [f_best, idx_best] = min(f); [f_worst, idx_worst] = max(f); x_best = x(idx_best,:); x_worst = x(idx_worst,:); newx = z