Most swarm intelligence algorithms allow parallelization when computing the objective function. Each particle can be assigned to each worker to call the solver and return the individual objective value. The algorithm can be explained: MATLAB parfor function [x,f] = jaya_parallel(x,f,lb,ub,nPop,nVar,maxIt) for it = 1:maxIt % --- Step 1: find best/worst [f_best, idx_best] = min(f); [f_worst, idx_worst] = max(f); x_best = x(idx_best,:); x_worst = x(idx_worst,:); newx = z

When developing large, performance-oriented programs—especially in FEM and optimization—it’s critical to keep your Fortran code modular, readable, and safe. Below are four golden rules  for managing subroutines and functions effectively in modern Fortran (Fortran 90+).  🔹1. Use Modules  for Organization and Reusability A module  is like a toolbox — it groups related variables, constants, and functions in one unit, and lets other parts of the program access them using the us

In the field of nonlinear structural analysis, the term 'geometric stiffness' has long been used to describe the additional terms that...