Fig.2 Convergence plot (n = 20, maxGen = 20) This design example shows how the Firefly algorithm can be applied to the gravity wall...

Under normal conditions, soil generates vertical and horizontal pressure due to Poisson’s effects. Terzaghi defined the lateral earth...

This example shows the calculation of pile capacity in Bangkok clays. The designed pile is a bored pile diameter of 0.5 m with pile tip...

There are two standard ways to estimate the capacity of the pile (Coduto, 2001). 1. Static or dynamic pile load test 2. Analytical...

THEORY After the soil completes primary consolidation, the settlement continues by changing of physical structures of the soil fabric. This is so-called Secondary Consolidation or Creep. The method to predict creep is not reliable and specific to soil types. A method suggested in Das (2002) can be used to compute secondary consolidation from t1 --> t2 after the end of the primary consolidation. where The general magnitude of for various natural deposits are as follows: OC Cla

THEORY Karl Terzaghi (1925) proposed the differential equation that explained the one-dimensional equation of consolidation as follows: (Eq. 1) The solution of (Eq. 1) can be written in series solution: (Eq. 2) where (Eq. 3) The solution in Eq.2 can be plotted as shown below APPLICATION Although the theory looks complicated, applying time-dependent consolidation is much simpler. The degree of consolidation is defined as (Eq. 4) The following steps

This part provides the calculation example and a spreadsheet for consolidation settlement analysis. The example adapted from Coduto...

To compute consolidation settlement, we first need to calculate the change in vertical stress due to applied pressure. Then, the induced...

Ref. DP Coduto, Foundation Design: Principles and Practices, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 2001

Soil typically consists of 3 parts: solid, water, and air. Therefore, it might confuse to analyze soil stresses using classical theories...

There are three standard methods to estimate earth pressure in active and passive conditions: Rankine's, Coulomb's, and Log-spiral...

USCS stands for Unified Soil Classification System [ASTM D2487]. It is the most common soil classification system used by geotechnical...

Ref. DP Coduto, Foundation Design: Principles and Practices, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001

The method of slice is the standard method used in most commercial software for slope stability analysis. Stepwise, the method begins by...

Earth-retaining structures are used to retain the soil inside the land boundary. The selection of retaining walls is based on several...

The analysis for anchored pile walls can be performed either by free-earth or fixed-earth conditions, dependent on the capacity of the...